PWM controllers modulate the current by pulses (PW stands for Pulse Width Modulation). There are two types of solar charge controllers: PWM Solar Charge Controller Visualization of functions: most controllers have some visual system that allows obtaining information about the status of the installation, simply with some indicators saying that the panels are giving power if the battery is charged or discharged, or more carefully through indicators of current charge levels, battery voltage. Protection against short circuits: this function allows using a fuse to protect the controller and the battery output from suffering high currents in the event of a brief electrical circuit in any of the consumption circuits of the installation. Low battery disconnection (low battery cut-off): this function causes the controller to cut off the current supply to the consumers if the battery charge level is too low and, therefore, runs the risk of a deep discharge, a fact that would cause sulfation problems. From this moment on, the user can moderate the consumption, which will prevent a harmful and excessive discharge of the battery. Low battery alarm: sound / light indicators indicate that the battery is sufficiently discharged. It prevents the battery from heating up, losing water from the electrolyte and the plates from oxidizing. The following parameters define the most common features of charge controllers used in autonomous solar plants:īattery overload protection (high cut-off): this is the essential function of the controller. Lower hysteresis interval: it is the difference between the disconnection voltage and the voltage at which the loads are allowed to connect back to the battery.
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